运城盆地11 kaBP以来气候环境变迁与湖面波动   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

吴艳宏  吴瑞金  王强  朱育新  潘红玺 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(2):83-86

通过黄土区湖泊沉积研究来恢复古气候、古环境，是对黄土区古气候、古环境研究的补充和检验。通过山西运城盆地硝地湖泊沉积物的多环境代用指标分析，结合史料记载，探讨了该地区11kaBP以来古气候演化和湖面波动的历史。结果表明，该地区存在YD（Younger Dryas）事件，进入全新世后气候有显著的趋势，最高湿润度发生在7．88－5．15和5kaBP后，气候逐渐变干，湖面波动与气候波动相关，全新世早期湖面开始上升，湖泊扩张，5kaBP后湖泊萎缩，盐类结晶析出。  相似文献   

郯庐断裂带的断裂活动对渤海东部中、新生代裂谷盆地发育的控制作用     

李桂群  李学伦 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1988,(4)

郯庐断裂带自南而北穿越渤海东部,自中生代中期至新生代中期表现裂谷发育特征。裂谷发育经历两个旋回,各旋回的裂谷发育演化、盆地分布格局,沉积相带,沉积补偿速度等均受断裂带的断裂活动的强烈控制。  相似文献   

Tectono-sedimentary framework of the Gachsaran Formation in the Zagros foreland basin     

Abbas Bahroudi  Hemin A. Koyi 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2004,21(10):1295-1310

Continental collision between Iranian and Arabian plates resulted in the formation of the Zagros fold–thrust belt and its associated foreland basin. During convergence, pre-existing faults in the basement were reactivated and the sedimentary cover was shortened above two different types of basal decollement (viscous/frictional). This led to heterogeneous deformation which segmented not only the Zagros fold–thrust belt but also its foreland basin into different compartments resulting in variation in facies, thickness and age of the sediment infill.Based on this concept, a new tectono-sedimentary model is proposed for one of the most important syn-tectonic sedimentary unit, the Gachsaran salt in the Zagros foreland basin. In this proposed model, it is argued that differential propagation of the deformation front above decollements with different mechanical properties (viscous versus frictional) results in along-strike irregularity of the Zagros deformation front whereas movement along pre-existing basement faults leads to development of barriers across the Zagros basin. The irregularity of the deformation front and the cross-basin barriers divided the Zagros foreland basin into six almost alternating sub-basins where Gachsaran salt and its non-salt equivalents are deposited. In the salt sub-basins, two different processes were responsible for the deposition of Gachsaran salt: (1) evaporation, and (2) dissolution of extruding Hormuz salt and its re-precipitation as Gachsaran salt. Re-precipitation was probably the most significant process responsible for the huge deposit of Gachsaran salt in the extreme south-east part of the Zagros foreland basin.  相似文献   

Bottom Simulating Reflector and Gas Seepage in Okinawa Trough： Evidence of Gas Hydrate in an Active Back-Arc Basin     

栾锡武  Kelin  Wang  Roy  Hyndman  Eleanor  Willoughby 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2008,19(2):152-161

To look for gas hydrate, 22 multi-channel and 3 single-channel seismic lines on the East China Sea (ECS) shelf slope and at the bottom of the Okinawa Trough were examined. It was found that there was indeed bottom simulating reflector (BSR) occurrence, but it is very rare. Besides several BSRs, a gas seepage was also found. As shown by the data, both the BSR and gas seepage are all related with local geological structures, such as mud diapir, anticline, and fault-controlled graben-like structure. However, similar structural "anomalies" are quite common in the tectonically very active Okinawa Trough region, but very few of them have developed BSR or gas seepage. The article points out that the main reason is probably the low concentration of organic carbon of the sediment in this area. It was speculated that the rare occurrence of gas hydrates in this region is governed by structure-controlled fluid flow. Numerous faults and fractures form a network of high-permeability channels in the sediment and highly fractured igneous basement to allow fluid circulation and ventilation. Fluid flow in this tectonic environment is driven primarily by thermal buoyancy and takes place on a wide range of spatial scales. The fluid flow may play two roles to facilitate hydrate formation:to help gather enough methane into a small area and to modulate the thermal regime.  相似文献   

Formation Models and Distribution of Oil and Gas Pools in Tarim Basin,China     

龙胜祥 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2008,19(6):665-674

This article reports the main formation models and distribution of the oil and gas pools in Tarim basin,China,including (I) occurrence of the found oil and gas pools,(2) main formation models of oil and gas pools,and (3) distribution law of oil/gas pools.Petroleum is distributed widely in the strata of Tarim basin from the Sinian at the bottom to the Neogene at the top.However,the found oil and gas fields are mainly distributed in Shaya (沙雅) uplift,Tazhong (塔中) uplift,and Kuche (库车)depression.This article presents 4 main formation models,namely,early formation and long-term preservation,early formation and late reformation,middle-late multiphase-multisource formation,late single-stage formation.Tarim basin is very rich in petroleum resources.Long-term inherited intrabasinal paleohighs and slope zones are the most favorable areas for accumulation of hydrocarbons,but the types of oil and gas pools are different from area to area.The control of unconformities and faults on hydrocarbon accumulating is prominent in Tarim basin.Preservation conditions are of utmost importance.Formation of some oil and gas pools is the result of reforming and re-accumulating of early accumulated hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

BP神经网络模型在澜沧江流域径流量模拟中的应用     

LIU Gang    LIU Ji-ping  ZHAO Rong  ZHANG Qing-pu 《测绘学院学报》2008,(4)

河川径流等水文时间序列属于复杂的非线性系统,使用回归分析等传统的分析方法,难以获取和描述其内在关联和变化规律。利用现有的相关站点的径流量历史数据和输沙量、降水量数据,在进行规格化处理和主成分分析的基础上,利用三层BP人工神经网络模型,对澜沧江流域上游昌都站径流量与各关联因子之间复杂的非线性映射关系进行模拟,采用拟牛顿算法对模型进行训练,模拟结果达到期望精度要求,并利用1982年~1985年实测数据进行模型验证。结果证明利用BP神经网络模型对澜沧江流域站点的月径流量序列进行模拟、预测和数据补缺处理具有可行性。  相似文献   

镇泾地区延长组河流相砂体分布与圈闭形成的关系研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张宗林  周文  苏付义 《矿物岩石》2008,28(4)

鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾地区侏罗系地层以三角洲-湖泊沉积体系为主,研究区范围内主要发育主河道和部分分流河道砂体。研究区构造平缓,主要为单斜地层、在东南部存在大型鼻状构造。通过对主要储层段(长6、8油层组)砂体分布及与构造之间关系进行研究,分析砂体走向与构造线方向的关系认为在构造单斜地区,当两者相交时(交角β≠0)是形成圈闭的关键因素之一,在大型鼻状构造地区因构造线的弯曲与河道砂体组合可以形成圈闭。根据研究区砂体分布和构造线组合出4种地层-岩性及岩性圈闭。利用构造图与砂体分布图对主要储层段存在的圈闭确定出长6、8油层组10个层圈闭。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯坳陷湖盆缓坡型三角洲前缘沉积微相分带及成因分析——以定边-安边地区延长组长6油组为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Feng-jie  JIANG Bin  ZHAO Jun-xingInstitute of Sedimentary Geology  Chengdu University of Technology  Chengdu  China 《矿物岩石》2008,(3)

运用沉积相分析理论对鄂尔多斯盆地定边-安边地区晚三叠世延长组坳陷湖盆缓坡型三角洲前缘沉积微相组合进行系统研究,共识别出其组合形式有:水下分流河道叠加组合、河口坝叠加组合、水下分流河道与河口坝叠加组合以及河口坝与远砂坝、席状砂的叠加组合等4大类9种类型。并深入研究三角洲前缘沉积微相组合的时空分布规律,以三角洲前缘坡折带为界,将三角洲前缘分为"台型前缘"、"坡型前缘"和"盆型前缘"三部分,各部分有独特的沉积微相组合形式。高分辨率层序地层学的基准面旋回原理和沉积物体积分配原理表明:短期基准面的规律性变化影响着储层砂体的成因类型、叠加组合形式和空间分布规律,据此建立坳陷湖盆三角洲前缘不同沉积微相组合的成因分布模式。  相似文献   

生态水文研究前沿问题及生态水文观测试验   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

赵文智  程国栋 《地球科学进展》2008,23(7):671-674

自1987年Ingram HAP提出生态水文学概念以来,生态水文学得到了快速的发展。2007年,“生态水文学与环境可持续性”已成为UNESCO/IHP第7阶段计划的主题之一。回顾了生态水文学概念的变迁,综述了有关术语及其科学内涵,简要分析了水循环与生物地球化学循环、水文与生态系统相互作用、水文过程与生命过程耦合、绿水及其生态作用等方面关注的科学问题及其观测研究进展;介绍了黑河流域生态水文学研究的初步认识。  相似文献   

内陆河流域山区水文与生态研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

康尔泗  陈仁升  张智慧  吉喜斌  金博文 《地球科学进展》2008,23(7):675-681

以河西走廊黑河干流山区流域为例,从山区水文循环、水文与生态系统以及径流形成和预测等方面讨论山区流域水文和生态相互作用研究的有关问题。山区降水的空间和时间分布规律和固态、液态降水组成变化主要受制于海拔和地形的影响,而不同海拔和地形条件下的下垫面不同土地覆被和复杂的空间异质性则主要影响蒸散发量。对内陆河山区流域的水文小循环的研究,有助于进一步研究和认识内陆河流域上、中、下游水文和生态系统的相互联系问题。至今,对山区水文过程与生态系统的相互作用问题的研究还非常薄弱,需要研究山区森林草地生态系统在山区水文循环中的作用以及在维持和保护山区生态和环境中的作用和意义。内陆河流域山区水文过程复杂而综合性强,须加强对山区径流形成机理的多学科交叉研究,不断改善出山径流对气候变化和人类活动响应过程的模拟和预测水平。  相似文献